Autism, or Autistic Spectrum Disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder, the cause of which is unknown. It is characterized by restricted, repetitive behaviours and impairment in socialization and communication. The term spectrum refers to the range of difficulties people may experience and the degree to which they are affected.
There are various factors which are involved in the etiopathogenesis of autism or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) such as impaired immune responses, neuroinflammation, abnormal neurotransmission, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, environmental toxins and stressors.
Current research suggests that molecular hydrogen (H2) holds promise for individuals with autism due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Studies have shown that H2 can ameliorate autistic-like behavioural deficits induced by factors like valproic acid exposure, potentially through its effects on interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels.
Additionally, H2 has been found to have neuroprotective effects following ischemic brain injury, improving cognitive deficits and preventing neurodegenerative changes. The therapeutic and preventive capabilities of H2 have been demonstrated in various disease models, including neurodevelopmental disorders like autism, by effectively combating oxidative stress and inflammation. Overall, the evidence suggests that H2 could be a valuable avenue for further exploration in the management of autism spectrum disorders.
Current Understanding of the actions of molecular hydrogen:
· Its small molecular size means it can reach the mitochondria of the cell and reduce oxidative damage to the mitochondria
· It can cross the blood brain barrier and act and an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant in the CNS
· Has antioxidant activity
· Decreases lipid peroxidation
· Indirectly leads to an increase in glutathione, catalase and SOD
· Improves mitochondrial function
· Has an anti-inflammatory action, by decreasing levels of TNF, IL-6 and possibly mast cells.
· Has been found to improve bowel function and decrease symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease.
· molecular hydrogen is non-toxic and safe
Molecular hydrogen may be considered as part of an overall treatment plan for people with Autistic Spectrum Disorders. It is not considered as an alternative to conventional treatment, but as a safe method of potentially enhancing the effectiveness of such treatment.
