Molecular hydrogen (H2 / HHO) inhalation therapy is a new type of antioxidant with strong free radical scavenging ability, which has been demonstrated to be effective for treating various diseases, such as infection, trauma, poisoning, organ biological effects involving anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis, anti-shock, and biological effects involving anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis, anti-shock, and autophagy regulation.
1.Selective anti-oxidant:
Molecular hydrogen is the most potent and highest absorbable antioxidant. Molecular hydrogen or H2 gas is a very small neutrally charged molecule that can cross cell membranes and the blood-brain barrier. This gives it the unique ability to access DNA and mitochondria within the cell where it has protective action.
Reduces oxidative stress by targeting the most harmful free radicals which damage your DNA and cells. These toxic free radicals diminish your health day by day and cause you to age prematurely. However, H2 does not react with other physiologically important reactive oxygen species which we need for important redox signalling functions to maintain balance within the body.
Molecular hydrogen appears to stimulate the production of endogenous antioxidants via the Nrf2 Pathway, meaning it up-regulates the body’s own antioxidant system. This results in the production of more protective enzymes (antioxidants) such as glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. These antioxidants are powerful and aid in the reduction of excessive ROS and oxidative-stress within the body, which have been linked to nearly all human diseases.
2. Anti–inflammatory properties:
In chronic inflammatory states, the genes that tell the body to release inflammatory mediators are permanently switched on, which causes inflammatory molecules to constantly be released. Molecular hydrogen either directly or indirectly decreases excess circulation levels of all these molecules and thus acts as an agent for turning inflammatory genes off.
3. Improves Cell Signalling:
Cells communicate to each other by sending and receiving signals to and from their surrounding environment. They use this information to maintain homeostasis and also to react to threats. Errors in cell signalling are responsible for diseases such as cancer, autoimmunity and diabetes. Many of Molecular Hydrogen’s abilities to reduce oxidative damage and inflammation stem from its role as a cell signalling agent.
Cells communicate to each other by sending and receiving signals to and from their surrounding environment. They use this information to maintain homeostasis and also to react to threats. Errors in cell signalling are responsible for diseases such as cancer, autoimmunity and diabetes. Many of Molecular Hydrogen’s abilities to reduce oxidative damage and inflammation stem from its role as a cell signalling agent.
4. Inhibits Apoptosis:
Apoptosis, also termed as programed cell death, can be triggered by extrinsic or intrinsic signals and executed by different molecular pathways. (Which serve as one efficient strategy for cancer treatment). Generally, apoptosis can be induced by (A) Provoking the death receptors of cells (B) Suppressing the survival signaling. (3) Activating the pro-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family proteins, or down-regulating anti-apoptosis proteins.
Hydrogen gas can regulate intracellular apoptosis by impacting the expression of apoptosis-related enzymes. At certain concentration, it can either serve as apoptosis-inhibiting agent via inhibiting the pro-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2-associated X protein (Bax), caspase-3, 8, 12, and enhancing the anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), or as apoptosis-inducing agent via the contrast mechanisms.
5. High Bioavailability:
Hydrogen is the smallest molecule in the universe which means it can easily cross the blood brain barrier, cell membranes and even access the mitochondria. This allows H2 to access parts of the cell that other anti- oxidants can’t reach and neutralise free radicals at their source before they can wreak havoc on the DNA.
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Therapeutic opportunities of hydrogen in a variety of disease models - Picture courtesy: Tomohiro Kawamura
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